Kakaban – Pulau Atol

30 January 2010 Dive Site • Environment 202

Kakaban, a low, limestone island off the coast of eastern Borneo, holds a fascinating surprise : a brackish lake literally alive with jellyfish. The lake is totally unique – a biological paradise . – Dr. Thomas Tomascik (marine ecologist)

Pulau atoll sejenis itu hanya ada 2 di dunia. Salah satu di kepulauan Palau, Mikronesia, Pacific dan satu lagi terletak 4 jam perjalanan dengan speed boat selepas pantai timur laut Kalimantan di Selat Sulawesi. Sebagaimana yang di Pasfic, Kakaban memiliki species sama, yakni jellyfish ( ubur ubur ) yang menghuni perairan laguna. Ubur ubur ini tidak berbisa dan berjumlah jutaan. Dengan menyelam di sana, kita hanya melihat jutaan ubur ubur melayang dengan elegan dan sama sekali tak menakutkan, karena tidak menyengat.
Kakaban adalah pulau tak berpenghuni yang tercipta ribuan tahun lalu karena proses pengangkatan dasar laut,yang akhirnya membentuk sebuah laguna seluas 5 kilometer yang dikelilingi oleh tanah bebatuan atoll yang mengunci air laut yang terisolasi tersebut.

Pemerintah telah menetapkan pulau ini sebagai cagar alam ekologi, dan banyak peniliti dari luar negeri berdatangan untuk melakukan riset bagaimana tumbuh tumbuhan dan mahluk hidup bisa bertahan dalam sistem yang terisolasi. Konon nutrisi terbentuk dari hasil recycle dari laguna itu sendiri, sebagai bahan makanan atau plankton bagi hewan atau mahluk yang hidu di dalamnya.
Danau laguna itu tidak memiliki celah yang menghubungkan dengan laut. Namun rembesan air laut dari dasar dan bercampur dengan air hujan membuat danau ini sedikit payau dengan kadar garam tidak sebesar air laut. Uniknya, danau laguna ini memiliki endemic yang tidak ditemui di bagian lain dunia, kecuali di Palau, Mikronesia, Pasific.

Setelah menembus perjalanan sekitar setengah jam dari bibir pantai – melalui hutan – saya melihat hamparan danau laguna yang teduh. Dari atas laguna ini seperti terlihat danau pada umumnya. Tapi didalamnya merupakan ekosistem laut yang menakjubkan. Garis laguna bertepikan akar akar bakau yang kokoh setebal lengan manusia yang bercampur dengan bunga karang dan rumput laut.
Kami mulai menyelam dengan jarak pandang yang memamg tak pernah bagus, karena danau ini dikelilingi habitat mangrove. Jarak pandang visibility berkisar 10 meter dan kedalaman laguna hanya sekitar 11 meter.
Walaupun tidak ada keanekaragaman ekosistem hayati sebagaimana di laut, tetap membuat danau ini sangat unik dengan kehidupan ubur ubur yang mendominasi isi perairan.

Ada dua jenis ubur ubur, yakni yang hidup di perairan dalam seperti species orhizostome jelly yang lebih padat konsentratnya. Satu lagi dengan posisi seperti terbalik hampir mendominasi isi perairan. Ada beberapa jenis species disini, selain Ubur ubur tadi , juga ditemui ikan cardinal fish ( apogon lateralis ) , sisanya beberapa jenis goby ( exyrias puntang ).

Menyelam di danau pulau Kakaban, memang bukan bagian dari diving rekreasi, karena tidak seindah menyelam di laut biasa. Namun, setidaknya tempat ini menawarkan sebuah tempat riset alam yang luar biasa potensial. Mudah mudahan, tidak menjadi rusak karena persinggungan dengan kehidupan masyarakat dan turis.

Foto Jelly fish dengan separuh bidang land by Kaufik Kanril ( http://belajardiving.com )

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